Archive for January, 2010

Only Results are Results

January 21, 2010

     “Sometimes it doesn’t matter that you have a better product, if your competitors have better salesmen.” Thomas Sowell.  All Intend no Does.

    Obama’s “stimulus” package has produced “national” jobs, but not “local” jobs. Or “The results are poor, but the statistics are favorable.” If you can accept this, you’re a politician with no shame and/or logical sense.

    Today’s quote is from Ogden Lindsley, a psychologist who  recognized the importance of results. If everyone had such assumptions, psychology’s spokesman would not be Dr. Phil. In my humble opinion, this is one of the best passages in psychology.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

      Lindsley outlines how effectiveness can be mandated in a university psychology class where the payoff was grades, not money. "Only 30 percent of my class successfully modified a child’s behavior when I begged them to do it. These are what I call the "stimulus responders." The rest of them only talked good Behavior Modification–they didn’t do any (emphasis added). The glib failures–the "talkers" included my own doctoral candidates; they gave me beautiful excuses in operant terminology…Three or 4 weeks through the Spring semester, it dawned on me that I wasn’t taking my own medicine. I wasn’t using any consequences. My successful students weren’t being treated any differently from the glib failures…from now on, if you fail to improve a child’s behavior beyond the .001 level of confidence, you will receive a grade of ‘incomplete,’ for ‘incomplete modification.’…p. 224. "This procedural change brought about fantastic results: 228 percent successful modification projects because 54 percent of the students turned in more than two projects…With that success, I later increased the requirement to three cases a semester…who knows what the upper limit might be." The largest majority of university courses stress knowing over doing and the two are not highly correlated. Most university courses turn out "glib failures" because the students are not required to succeed in anything except glibly expressing hypothetical knowledge. Of course, this is good training for government service which consists of little but glibly expressing politically-conditioned hypothetical knowledge.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Lindsley, O. R. (1970). Procedures in common described by a common language. In C. Neuringer & J.L. Michael (eds.) Behavior modification in clinical psychology. New York:Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp. 221-236.

If some is good—more must be better

January 20, 2010

    

     Ontario, in spite of record deficits has recently put out money for all-day kindergarten and announced the subsidization of wind farms and electricity-generating solar technologies. The farther north one goes, the less sense solar generation makes and it makes no sense in the best of latitudes. Ontario and California, apparently, never met a trendy idea they didn’t cotton to and find worth of spending money on.

    “Those who support the Ontario government’s new all-day kindergarten plan may be sobered by the US government’s recent evaluation of its Head Start program. Conceived in the mid-sixties as part of the war against poverty, the Head Start program aims to boost the school readiness of low-income children – just as all-day kindergarten is promised to do for Ontario.

    Comparing students who had been randomly assigned to Head Start with students who had not, the researchers found virtually no differences – cognitive, behavioural, or emotional – at the end of grade 1. This despite an enormously expensive program that includes medical, dental, and mental health care; nutrition services; and efforts to work with parents to foster their children’s development.

    Do we really want to spend an extra couple of billion dollars a year on a program that is unlikely to affect student success while simultaneously pushing the province further into the red and enhancing the power of its teachers’ unions?” Malkin Dare.

    All-day kindergarten is very expensive, but at least it doesn’t work.

    Himalayan glaciers are safe. In another IPCC debacle, they will not melt by 2035.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

Effective programs

    This book has established four facts, 1) There are very powerful and well researched programs which work quite well to solve real human problems. These programs represent genuine progress in the social sciences, 2) The most useful programs are those used the least frequently, 3) The most frequently used programs are of little value, 4) The programs of little value almost always take place in situations where government finances the operation, directly or otherwise. This chapter will summarize the reasons for this state of affairs, using effective psychology to explain why polgrams are ineffective. This inevitable impotence lives within all government systems, but this final chapter will formally place ineffectiveness in the context of rewards or, as the economists call them, incentive structures. If the hypothesis is correct, as millennia of observation suggest it is, no progress will be made until the consumer can hire and fire the producer and the producer receives no subsidies or preferential treatment, but only what he earns from unforced interchange with the customer.

    From these four essential  facts come  two main themes. The first is that there is an inventory of extremely successful programs. The second is that successful programs aren’t used because of the wrong incentive structure for those who provide the service. The unavoidable infirmity of government operations is not confined to social sciences programs, but social sciences programs are what this book is about. Most government social services are so ineffective that they are no better than nothing. Only those which “park” people safely, such as education or criminal rehabilitation, can be said to be successful to the minor extent of babysitting.

    Every effective program will have many elements. If any of these components is missing, the program will be less effective. The lack of a few of these factors will render the program useless so that it is easy to run an unsuccessful program which looks like a successful one by failing to implement a few essential parts. This produces the pseudo-program or the Something Like It impostor program. The most important element that the present analysis requires is that payoff be linked to success providing the engine for all effectiveness. Any program without this link will have a low probability of usefulness.

    Any operation can go wrong at many points. The first is in the assumptions of the program itself, reflected in its design, and the second is in the program’s implementation which can fail for many reasons, among which are lack of training, lack of oversight, or lack of a manual to ensure proper implementation.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 14

January 18, 2010

 

     The experts on Climate Change are always telling us about the difference between weather–what we see and, climate–the long terms trends of weather. Translation–weather is what we see and climate is what they use to terrify us with predictions of coming terror.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

WITH CERTAINTY ABOUT EVERYTHING AND FACTS ABOUT NOTHING

    The sovereign [politician] is completely discharged from a duty, in the attempting to perform which he must always be exposed to innumerable delusions, and for the proper performance of which no human wisdom or knowledge could ever be sufficient: the duty of superintending the industry of private people." Adam Smith. (The Wealth of Nations, vol. II, bk. IV, ch. 9.)

        Some of the conclusions that the social sciences must reach are, a)There are things beyond the reach of the social sciences, b)most of what is done is myth and nonsense, c) effective programs are rarely used, d) successful programs require a lot of hard work.

    The situation will not change by depending on “…the traditional practice of blaming the actors for the action.” No situation will change until the contingencies change so that failure is punished and success reinforced. This reversal will not and cannot occur in any government agency, embedded as it is among the pernicious influences of politics, unions and tradition of decades of failure having no consequences. Any application of the social sciences under government control is irredeemable in terms of effectiveness.


In Conclusion

    Psychology specifically, and the social sciences in general, can make many things better, but effective programs are seldom used. These programs always represent a trade-off which is usually politically impossible. The Elites, including the media, politicians and union leaders almost always get things wrong and their advice is to be avoided. Their ability to do, or even predict, important things is abysmal because facts have never been influenced by the arrogance that comes with status on the INTEND-IS side.

    There is a strong belief by many people that they are uniquely capable of directing the affairs of others and that the affairs of others are in desperate need of directing.

    The usefulness of government is based on two conceits. The first is that guidance is necessary and the second that this guidance is best provided by those who have no responsibility. In most cases guidance is unnecessary and in no cases is it best provided by those with no responsibility. The Divine Right of Kings meant that the King had a Divine Right to Rule, but to ameliorate this conceit, the King was a conduit of Divine Guidance. The elite believe they have a Divine Right to Rule, but their guidance comes from their own superior intellect and compassion in spite of continual evidence to the contrary.


Now you know.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 13

January 18, 2010

      More on government organizations.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

Making research into effectiveness irrelevant

    Since effectiveness is not required, increased effectiveness is not required. Research  is not necessary into things which don’t have to work.
    The current state of the social sciences is this: Most of the applications take place in government agencies or in government funded agencies where there is no economic consequence for success or failure. These practitioners are trained in government-funded schools, universities and community colleges where there is no economic consequence for success or failure and teaching nonsense is endemic. Consequently, the practitioner is trained by, and works within, a succession of cults making arrogance and failure inevitable.

    These cults are not noted for their perspicacity. Universities abound with doomsayers who are constantly being proven wrong. For example, Paul Ehrlich of Stanford predicted disaster from overpopulation, global cooling, then global warming (first the sunlight was filtered, now the heat is trapped). or “If I were a gambler, I would take even money that England will not exist in the year 2000." or losing a bet, by a wide margin, by predicting that the price of commodities would rise. None of these horrors has come to pass, but his credibility remains high with fellow, university doomsayers who, as always, lay the blame for disastrous,  hypothetical future events at the feet of “capitalism”. and, strangely, are not discredited by continuous predictive failures.

    Cults must respond to two kinds of attacks. The first is criticisms of the cult. These can always be dealt with hysteria, lying and other sound public relations activities. The second is anything that removes current or potential members from the cult. This is the more serious attack and is met by a more serious counterattack including the most virulent attacks on the personal attributes of those proposing and operating alternatives especially if those alternatives are reducing cult membership.


    Don’t forget that most of the discussion about evidence and method in the social sciences involves “THE SHOW”, a theatrical-like presentation of half-truths, unsubstantiated theories and drama.

    Another kind of government behavior is similar to the confidence activity of “cooling the mark out.” When a con man separates someone from his money, there are two main ways to minimize victim reaction. One is to flee and hide to put distance and anonymity between the con and the aggrieved party. The other is to convince the victim that the loss was not only unavoidable, but virtuous. Unending propaganda about the merit of programs is a way of “cooling the mark out” while remaining in place, able to con again.

       The nature of this nonsense is vast in scope and unbelievable in nature. Much of it has as much supporting evidence as UFOs or the Canals of Mars. Categorizing it is fun, but a task without end because of the lack of responsibility produces endless nonsense.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Labeling and Teaching

January 17, 2010

     “Cold sober, I find myself absolutely fascinating.” Katharine Hepburn.

    NBC is paying Conan O’Brien 30 million dollars not to be on television. Now we know, NBC has fallen from its dominant position because it models itself after government.

    My programs, over the years, have been “audited” by civil servants, sometimes quite extensively. Never, in any instance, have results been mentioned. The programs were always evaluated on whatever “model” was current. The model wad based on many things, usually consensus. In the same way you can’t hang a clue for murder, you can’t depend on consensus for data. Data are stubbornly unimpressed by politically-chosen “best practices” which change periodically, but never improve. Consensus and best practices once led to witch testing. You could find a woman you didn’t like and then either burn or drown her. Low buoyancy– drown–high buoyancy–burn.

    I point out to parents that labeling children is a particularly useless endeavor. It doesn’t give any guide to teaching. Humans vary along many dimensions and giving a label to someone who scores below or above a certain point is arbitrary and wrong, given the continuous nature of the variable. For example, folks vary on the dimension of reading, see words-say words-in terms of speed and accuracy, among other dimensions. Saying that someone is “dyslexic” because of particular score is pointless because it doesn’t tell you how to teach better and is an arbitrary decision. The person who coined the term “dyslexia” would, I’m sure, be mighty put out were he to know how his term was used. Orton was convinced that the main cause was poor teaching of reading.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 12

January 16, 2010

     The newest “theme” in education seems to be the push to eliminate corporate advertising from polluting schools. Meanwhile, dogged, continuous,  indoctrination in socialist dogma, on my dime, is OK.

    Thanks to anti-positivist, Jim Fedako,  for pointing out that “public schools” do not “belong” to the public, except in a metaphorical sense. They are government schools and access to the physical plant, operations, finances and philosophical stances are the opposite of “public”. Give us the money and stay away, we’ll take care of things. By the way, we need more money.

    More from the consequences of Government operations.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

Crowding out

    When faced with a choice of a “free” government service or one for which one must pay, most will choose the government service. Governments in the Western World pursue any hint of monopoly in the private sector with prosecutorial zeal but constantly set up their own such as the post office and public education. “The lesson learned and applied through the deregulation of industries is that the deadweight loss produced by monopoly cannot be regulated or legislated out of existence. It can only be competed out of existence.” (Schlomach, p. 4)   

Inefficiency

    Although efficiency is a ratio of output to input, since the output of most government programs is close to zero, efficiency of most social sciences programs is zero or close to it.
Hidden Costs

    One of the most amusing occurrences of hidden costs comes about when the official public school system costs are used to determine the value of vouchers for private education given to students in failing public schools. The “official costs” are always a pale imitation of real costs. All public enterprises are adept at hiding expenditures because they have no bottom line. They need not know real costs and political reasons to hide them.

Strikes

    Once a union is in a monopoly position, it will impose its will by withdrawing service. One of the many socialist paradoxes is that necessary services are periodically withdrawn.

Coercion

    When a government service becomes mandatory, coercion must occur in many forms. Coercion is used to garner the taxes for the service and maintain a monopoly situation favoring certain groups. In one of the dozens of paradoxes of government control, high standards are required, but results are not. For example, The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education requires a long and involved process to achieve “accreditation”. The learning of students taught by the teachers anointed by this procedure are no better than that from non-accredited teachers–all  on the INTEND-IS and nothing on the DOES. Qualified and competent are not synonymous.

Production of a powerful, counterproductive lobby to maintain the status quo

    The situation has created an interested and rich group, the union, which is able to mount strong lobbying movements to maintain and improve its status. This, of course, reduces the ability of any system to become or remain efficient.

Schlomach, R. (2005). An Education Monopoly: The Calculable Cost to Texas--Policy Perspective January 25, 2005–Texas Public Policy Foundation.

 

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 11

January 14, 2010

 

     “An army is like a great machine, and in putting it into battle it is not enough for its commander to merely issue the necessary orders. He should have a staff ample to supervise the execution of each step, & to promptly report any difficulty or misunderstanding.” (p. 236). Edward Porter Alexander. Alexander, among his other duties, was the quartermaster-in-chief of the Army of Northern Virginia who kept it supplied under difficult circumstances. Alexander knew a fair bit about organization. In government organizations, such as a school, no one bothers to "supervise the execution of each step" and in most cases are prevented by the union from doing anything resembling something sensible.

Porter, E.P. (1989). Fighting for the Confederacy: the person recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

When a government agency takes over any function, it pursues it with relentless inefficiency and good buzzwords. Here are some words from an Ontario government report on higher education; leader, higher expectations, stakeholders, innovation, commitment, input, integrated, reform, and diverse. This leads to the conclusion that implementing these innovative, integrated, world-class outcomes will require, no kidding, more money, but, since these words are so nice, it will be money well spent.

    Whenever a government agency takes over any function, whether power generation, coal mining, automobile production or teaching, economic and psychological analysis tells us a number of undesirable events inevitably occur. These include, but are not limited to, union activity, co-opting, crowding out, inefficiency, hidden costs, strikes, coercion, production of a powerful, counterproductive lobby to maintain the status quo, and suppressing research into effectiveness.           

Union Activity

    A union will do many things to “further” the interests of its members in the short term. In the long term, these activities always work in the opposite direction to effectiveness and the opposite direction to client service.

Co-opting

    A government organization will always have more resources to employ those who would be more efficient working in the free market and can recruit people who are better employed elsewhere.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 10

January 14, 2010

                   Media Free Ride for Right (Left) Thinking Liberals

         "When the stock market crashed, Franklin Roosevelt got on the television and didn’t just talk about the princes of greed. He said, ‘look, here’s what happened.’" Joe Biden to Katie Couric during the presidential campaign of 2008.

    The stock market crash was in 1929, Roosevelt was not president until 1933 and television was still in its infancy in 1929 and there was certainly no nationwide network to go on. In spite of these ridiculous errors, Biden was allowed to get away with this while Sarah Palin was grilled relentlessly on much more arcane matters by the same, “neutral journalist”, Katie Couric. There are hundreds of examples of this. The Elite has (the Elite is a group so the verb for the singular is appropriate) a point of view, “Government must do something.” which goes on in spite of continuous failure.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

Politics

    Politics is an entertaining form of street theater. Politicians scream at each other about things which don’t matter, spend money for programs which don’t work, take credit for things upon which they have no affect and avoid blame for things they did. All the while, they take care of their friends by giving them money and punish the rest of us by taking it away. This profession is a poor guide for choosing what works.

Solution

    There are those in the social sciences who believe that more effort should be put into “selling” good programs. As with the British captains of the convict ships, only an incentive for output will produce better output. These incentives will never occur in a government situation even when they use effective programs. You can teach a monkey to dance, but once you stop throwing peanuts, he’ll go back to stealing bananas.

    The ideal situation is one in which one spends one’s own money to purchase something he will use. This automatically produces an incentive structure for the provider to meet the requirements of the customer and gives the customer control over quality.

    Vouchers would solve many problems in school because, while parents would be spending someone else’s money–the government voucher–they would be purchasing something for themselves. They would be careful what they purchase, and limited in what they could spend.

     What do we know about progress in the social sciences? This book has outlined many programs which produce results far superior to standard polgrams and represent real progress. It is also unarguably true that the most effective programs are used very infrequently. The prime product of any government agency is spin and results in the social sciences are easy to spin. Under ineffective programs, or no programs at all, some children learn, some long-term criminals stop breaking the law, some people stop being depressed and many stop using drugs and alcohol. These “successes” are what government employees point to as evidence of effectiveness.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 9

January 13, 2010

 

     The following is a comment about flu shots in general which are motivated by the desire for the barren pageantry of politics. The H1N1 epidemic was not what was hoped for and the dire predictions did not come true. This was based on the same set of assumptions which leads to urging “more rehabilitation beds for drug addicts” when the programs are not better than no programs but the INTENTION is pure.

“If you want to know the truth about flu shots, all you need to do is look at what happens when the vaccines fail. And here’s what happens: Nothing.

It’s easy to sort science from scare tactics on this one… because every now and then the flu vaccine doesn’t match the strain of the flu that ultimately breaks out. And when that happens, there are no noticeable surges in deaths from the flu or its complications.

As recently as 2004, there were severe shortages in flu shot production, and vaccination rates fell by nearly half. Remember all those widespread flu deaths? Of course you don’t–because they didn’t happen!

Back in 1989, just 15 percent of seniors received flu vaccines. Now, more than 65 percent are tricked into rolling up their sleeves. Yet flu-related fatalities aren’t dropping any. By some measures, they’ve even risen a bit.

The flu shot is hokum, plain and simple–a desperate attempt to sell you more meds you don’t need.”

    On a totally unrelated note, my adventure with Linux, in my case Ubuntu 9.10–nicknamed Karmic Koala–continues to go well. The only thing left is to learn how to run my teaching programs on it and my adventure with Microsoft is over. Linux is free, based on non-coercive cooperation and goodwill and represents the internet at its best. It’s much more user-friendly, virus free and doesn’t nag about updates.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

        Riding on Rhetoric

     “Some ideas sound so plausible that they can fail nine times in a row and still be believed the tenth time. Other ideas sound so implausible that they can succeed nine times in a row and still not be believed the tenth time. Government controls in the economy are among the first kinds of ideas and the operation of a free market is among the second kind.” Thomas Sowell.

    There will be no change in the social sciences until the contingencies of practitioners are changed. Billions of dollars will continue to be wasted, absorbed by the inefficiency and corruption inherent in government operations. Little of the power of social sciences to make life better can be used as long as most of the practitioners are employed by government organizations. People read a “mission statement” of a polgram and rejoice in its cloying language which describes the wonderful things the polgram intends to accomplish. The intention becomes the result and the program rides on rhetoric. The Law of Contingencies is unchanging, like the Law of Gravity. One can rail against the Law of Gravity, but still land with a thud when attempting to parachute off a garage roof with an umbrella. One can talk about responsibility, but without the proper contingencies it will only be the usual governmental responsibility–responsibility without consequences.

    All effective programs will take place outside of government agencies. When the provider is responsible to the customers, customers generally do not pay for ineffective practices. Anyone who needs anything dependent on knowledge of behavior, rehabilitation and learning will greatly increase the probability of success by seeking it outside the auspices of any organization which has any connection with government funding. He should seek out someone he pays directly so that he can directly affect the service he gets.

    This is not an argument against state control and attendant economic inefficiency, corruption and stagnation. It is solely an argument against government agencies in the social sciences. The endless arguments about more money, the proper jurisdictional boundaries among various educational bodies, the relationships among parents, teachers, and educational administration, are overwhelmed by the Law of Consequences. When consequences are absent and the distance between customer and service provider is filled with non-responsible people, no amount of tinkering will fix ineffectiveness because the ineffectiveness is the inevitable result of Human Nature.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies

Conclusion—Part 8

January 12, 2010

     Nickel here, a dime there, and soon it adds up. The Ontario government of big-L Liberals, facing a record deficit, is starting all-day kindergarten, a program which will cost billions. That’s responsible. We’ve been inundated by the propaganda about how this is a good idea. Apparently the system that fails for 12.5 years just needs another half year to become effective.  This cartoon is a little fuzzy, but it makes the point that each American starts life $176,000 in debt.

image

    Homer Simpson to Lisa, “So Global Warming can cause cold. Aren’t you the Queen of Crazyland?” When pop culture starts poking fun, the concept is in trouble.

     "This country has come to feel the same when Congress is in session as we do when the baby gets hold of a hammer. It’s just a question of how much damage he can do with it before you take it away from him."- Will Rogers.

from the book: Shadow Dancing on the Grave of Hope:

       Where Contributions Can Be Made

    If the social sciences were evolution, the vast majority of practitioners have not climbed from the primordial ooze. Here and there an advanced form appears, only to be ignored and regarded as a noisome anomaly, soon to be reabsorbed. We have seen that the emphasis on process, what looks reasonable rather than outcome, what the program accomplishes, has impeded progress.

1. Any social service must be provided in a situation in which results count. If the salaries of the providers do not depend of the results,  what is provided will be a program in name and a polgram in reality. You get what you reinforce.

2. Any successful program will be an combination of successful techniques.

3. A program must concern itself with the motivation of clients, therefore, it must contain powerful techniques of reinforcement. You get what you reinforce.

Cheerio and ttfn,
Grant Coulson
Cui Bono–Cherchez les Contingencies


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